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| c. 20 |
| | | The Romans construct the massive Pont du Gard to bring water to the city of Nîmes | |
|  | Pont du Gard
Fotofile CG
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| c. 120 |
| | | The Pantheon, roofed with the most spectacular dome of antiquity, is built in Rome by Hadrian | |
|  | Pantheon, exterior
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| c. 200 |
| | | The rock tombs of prosperous Petra, now incorporated in the Roman empire, are carved in the cliffs as classical temples | |
|  | Petra, the Treasury
Fotofile CG
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| c. 315 |
| | | Constantine founds several churches in Rome, among them the first St Peter's | |
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| c. 320 |
| | | Constantine's new churches in Rome introduce an important element in church architecture, the transept | |
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| 360 |
| | | The first church of Santa Sophia in Constantinople, begun by Constantine himself, is completed | |
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| c. 450 |
| | | The squinch, soon followed by the more sophisticated pendentive, proves a great boon to builders of domes | |
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| c. 535 |
| | | Belisarius, conquering the Vandals in north Africa, pioneers the strategic concept of the castle | |
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| 537 |
| | | The great domed church of Santa Sophia, bebuilt on the orders of Justinian, is completed after only five years of construction | |
|  | Santa Sophia
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| 537 |
| | | The vast dome of Santa Sophia in Constantinople is supported on a square of four arches, making the most sophisticated use so far of the pendentive | |
|  | Pendentive
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